The exact origin of the first poncho is difficult to determine, as similar garments have been
used by various cultures in different parts of the world throughout history. However, in the
context of South America, it is believed that the earliest ponchos were used by the
indigenous peoples of the Andes region, including the Incas and other pre-Columbian
cultures. These early versions of the poncho were hand-woven with alpaca or llama wool
and served both practical and symbolic functions.
The symbolism behind the poncho is deep and multifaceted. Beyond its practical function as
protection against cold and weather, the poncho represents the connection between people
and nature, as well as their ancestors. Handwoven using ancestral techniques passed down
through generations, each poncho is a unique work of art that reflects the skill and
knowledge of the artisans who created it.
In addition to its artisanal value, the poncho is also a symbol of cultural identity and
belonging. In many indigenous communities in South America, the design, colours, and
patterns of the poncho are intricately linked to the history, mythology, and beliefs of each
ethnic group. Wearing a poncho is a way to affirm a connection to the land, to ancestors, and
to the community to which one belongs.
Design and Materiality
Andean Poncho: The most well-known and widely used throughout the Andean region of South America, which includes countries like Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, and parts of Colombia and Chile. These ponchos are often handwoven from alpaca or llama wool and feature designs and colours that reflect the cultural identity of each community.
Ruana Poncho: Originating from Colombia, this type of poncho is characterised by being longer at the front and back than at the sides. It is usually made from wool and may have a front closure for added convenience. It is especially popular in Colombia's mountainous and
cold regions.
Mapuche Poncho: Worn by the Mapuche people in Chile and Argentina, this poncho is distinguished by its geometric design and patterns. Typically woven from sheep's wool and dyed with natural colours, it represents the rich textile tradition of this indigenous culture.
Mexican Poncho: In Mexico, ponchos are an integral part of traditional attire in various regions of the country. The Mexican poncho can vary in design and materials depending on the region but is often adorned with colourful embroidery and traditional patterns.
Gaucho Poncho: Originating from Argentina, Uruguay, and parts of Brazil, this poncho is a distinctive garment of the gauchos, the cowhands of the Pampas region. It is generally made from woven wool and is worn over the shoulders as protection against the cold and rain
during long days working in the field.
In threads of history and tradition,
The poncho is woven with devotion.
From the Andes to the vast Pampas,
Its fabric preserves the essence.
With soft wool from alpaca or llama,
Dreams intertwine without drama.
In each thread, a story hides,
Of ancestors responding to the winds.
Under the blazing sun or gentle rain,
The poncho embraces and enchants.
It protects from the cold and harsh wind,
With its warmth, the soul feels steadfast.
In every colour, in every pattern,
The essence of the soul shines bright.
It is more than a garment, it’s a legacy,
Of cultures that have endured.
In festivals and daily toil,
The poncho is a symbol of solidarity.
It unites communities with bonds of love,
Reflecting the strength from within.
Thus, woven by expert hands,
The poncho celebrates our lands.
With its beauty and noble role,
It honors life, history, and unity